Phylogenetic relationships of species ofGingidiaand related genera (Apiaceae, subfamily Apioideae)

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Abstract
Five genera of Australasian apioid Apiaceae (Gingidia, Scandia, Lignocarpa, Anisotome, and Aciphylla) have a complex taxo‐nomic history with the circumscription of, and inferred relationships among, the currently accepted genera based on only morphological characters. This molecular and phylogenetic study focuses on the relationships among the taxa currently included within Gingidia using the other genera as outgroups. Phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region sequences for 17 species from these genera, and comparison with Smyrnium to root the trees, indicate that Gingidia is polyphyletic as currently circumscribed, the species belonging in two distinct monophyletic groups. However, morphological characters do not support these two groups, making taxonomic interpretation difficult. The monophyletic G. montana group includes the ditypic endemic genera Scandia and Lignocarpa, suggesting that they should not be maintained. The second monophyletic group includes G. decipiens and G. flabellata with species of Anisotome. Although our sampling of Anisotome and Aciphylla is limited, nothing in the analysis of the molecular data is inconsistent with earlier suggestions, based on morphological data, that Gingidia, Scandia, Lignocarpa, Anisotome, and Aciphylla form a monophyletic group.