Regeneration of tepals, stamens and ovules in explants from perianth of Hyacinthus orientalis L. importance of explant age and exogenous hormones

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Abstract
Regeneration of tepals, stamens and ovules from perianth explants of Hyacinthus orientalis L. in different developmental stages could be controlled by means of exogenous hormones. Perianth explants in a relatively early stage of development were competent for differentiation of tepals on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg·1-1 N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or zeatin and 0.1 mg·1-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Perianth explants in a later stage of development regenerated stamens and ovules, and marked difference was observed in the activity of BAP and zeatin in this regard. Zeatin stimulated more strongly stamen formation, while BAP enhanced ovule formation. Thus, stamens were formed when the explants were cultured for four months on medium with 2 mg·1-1 BAP and 0.1 mg·1-1 2,4-D and then transferred to medium with 0.2 mg·1-1 zeatin and 0.005 mg·1-1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. On the other hand, differentiation of ovules occured in explants cultured for two weeks on the former medium and then transferred to medium with 0.1 mg·1-1 BAP and 0.01 mg·1-1 2,4-D. Although ovule formation could also be obtained with 2 mg·1-1 BAP alone, it was substantially enhanced by the presence of 0.1 mg·1-1 2,4-D in the medium in the early stages of culture. The results demonstrate the importance of both the developmental stage of the source organ from which explants are excised and of the hormone composition of the medium for the regeneration of different floral organs by perianth explants of Hyacinthus.