Fluctuation properties of thermal solitons

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Abstract
The thermodynamic properties of soliton-bearing systems can be obtained from the statistics of their soliton components, which reflect restrictions on phase space due to interactions. Going beyond the established agreement of the free energy with transfer-integral results, we have successfully tested first derivatives (energy, number density) and second derivatives (specific heat, compressibility) for a one-component soliton gas (corresponding to the case of the low-temperature sine-Gordon chain). A complete description of the equilibrium statistical properties of the soliton gas is given in terms of the averages of occupation numbers and their fluctuations. The latter are characterized by the absence of off-diagonal correlations.