GFDL-Type Typhoon Initialization in MM5

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Abstract
The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) hurricane initialization algorithm is implemented in the community fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5). This work is applied to the MM5-based Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System model (RDAPS), the Korea Meteorological Administration's regional forecast model. The bogus procedure starts by initializing the winds within the bogus area. The main difficulty lies in the generation of other variables, such as humidity, temperature, geopotential, etc., which are dynamically consistent with the prescribed wind. However, it was found that there is a simple and practical way of tropical cyclone (TC) initialization. It is achieved by the use of the built-in function of MM5, the four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA). In order to do so, a miniature RDAPS is constructed. After the initialization of wind within the filter region, all other variables are generated by the model through a strong 24-h nudging to the prescribed wind. It is found after careful analyses that there is an improvement over the no-bogus model. Failures are mostly due to the fake vortex or the spurious deepening of the vortex, which have been problems of the original RDAPS model. The bogus RDAPS never cures the failure of the original model.