The Expectancy-Disconfirmation Paradigm: A Critique

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Abstract
This study examined leisure travelers'interests in 11 tourism niche offerings and provided psychographic and demographic profiles of individuals interested in the various niches. Telephone interviews were conducted with 417 respondents in 12 U.S. states. The activities that received the highest interests were outdoor recreation, local fairs and festivals, art and cultural attractions, pioneer and frontier history sites, and cowboy and old West attractions. The results of discriminant analyses indicated that individuals cannot be successfully classified into groups of “enthusiasts,” “interested,” and “uninterested” for any of the tourism niches on the basis of psychographic characteristics. However, the results of MANOVAs revealed distinctive psychographic and demographic profiles of leisure travelers who were attracted to each of the tourism niches.

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