Surface chemical bonding of selenium-treated GaAs(111)A, (100), and (111)B

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Abstract
The passivation of GaAs(100) by Se prepared in situ has been studied in detail by synchrotron-radiation photoelectron spectroscopy. Deposition of Se on GaAs with the substrate held at room temperature yields As-Se bonding with little reduction of band bending. Few changes are observed both in band bending and chemical bonding as the sample is heated to 250 °C. In contrast, deposition of Se on GaAs at a substrate temperature of around 580 °C gives rise to Ga-Se bonding as Se exchanges with As not only with the surface layer but penetrates into bulk layers as well. Finally, while the interfacial chemistry is similar to a great extent for the (111)A and (111)B surfaces, the uptake of Se in GaAs is found to vary in the following order: (111)A>(100)>(111)B. These results suggest that the Se uptake is controlled by the stability of the terminated atom for the different surface orientations.