Energy levels in three-dimensional quantum-confinement structures

Abstract
Energy levels are calculated for three-dimensional (3D) quantum-confinement structures with finite potential barriers. , and systems are considered. Analytic results are presented for spherical structures including the effects of nonparabolicity. A numerical method is also presented for the calculation of the energy levels in a 3D quantum-confinement structure in the shape of a cube or a parallelopiped. The method is applied for calculating the energy shift in a cylindrical dot of the system.