Seasonal Phenology of White Grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Florida Sugarcane Fields

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Abstract
The seasonal phenology of two white grub species found in Florida sugarcane was determined under field conditions. Both Cyclocephala parallela Casey and Ligyrus subtropicus Blatchley had 1-year life cycles, and third-instar larvae were the longest enduring and the overwintering stage of both species. Developmental stages of C. parallela preceded corresponding stages of L. subtropicus by 2 to 6 weeks in sugarcane fields. Morphometric data for the two species are also given. The relationship of these preceding data to grub damage in Florida sugarcane fields is discussed.