Spot spectroscopy of highly ionized europium

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Abstract
Microdot spectroscopy of a laser-produced plasma was used to study the x-ray emission from highly ionized europium in the wavelength region between 6.5 and 9.6 Å. New identifications of spectral lines from europium ions isoelectronic with Ni, Co, and Fe were made using ab initio calculations of the wavelengths and gf values. The emission was measured with spatial and temporal resolution and as a function of the laser irradiance. The relative abundances of the different ionization stages, as inferred from the intensities of the 3d-4f transitions, compare favorably with the ionization distribution predicted by a collisional-radiative model and with the results of a two-dimensional l a s n e x simulation.