Influence of plasmid origin and promoter strength in fermentations of recombinant yeast

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Abstract
The effects of plasmid promoter strength and origin of replication on cloned gene expression in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been studied in batch and continuous culture. The plasmids employed contain the Escherichia coli lacZ gene under the control of yeast promoters regulated by the galactose regulatory circuit. The synthesis of β‐galactosidase was therefore induced by the addition of galactose. The initial induction transients in batch culture were compared for strains containing plasmids with 2μ and ARS1 origins. As expected, cloned gene product synthesis was much lower with the ARS1 plasmid: average β‐galactosidase specific activity was an order of magnitude below that with the 2μ‐based plasmid. This was primarily due to the low plasmid stability of 7.5% when the plasmid origin of replication was the ARS1 element. The influence of plasmid promoter strength was studied using the yeast GAL1, GAL10, and hybrid GAL10‐CYC1 promoters. The rate of increase in β‐galactosidase specific activity after induction in batch culture was 3–5 times higher with the GAL1 promoter. Growth rate under induced conditions, however, was 15% lower than in the absence of lacZ expression for this promoter system. The influence of plasmid promoter strength on induction behavior and cloned gene expression was also studied in continuous fermentations. Higher β‐galactosidase production and lower biomass concentration and plasmid stability were observed for the strain bearing the plasmid with the stronger GAL1 promoter. Despite the decrease in biomass concentration and plasmid stability, overall productivity in continuous culture using the GAL1 promoter was three times that obtained with the GAL10‐CYC1 promoter.