Phase effect in the energy loss of hydrogen projectiles in zinc targets

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Abstract
We present an experimental and theoretical study of the phase effect in the energy loss of fast hydrogen beams colliding with gas and solid zinc targets. The experiments show a maximum phase effect of 50% around 50 keV/u, the energy loss per atom in the solid target being smaller than in the gas target. An extensive theoretical study of all the processes contributing to the energy loss in the two phases shows that the experimental findings can be explained primarily by the screening of the projectile field by the valence electrons in the solid.