Neoplastic transformation of chimpanzee cells induced by adenovirus type 12--simian virus 40 hybrid virus.

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Abstract
The adenovirus 12-SV40 hybrid virus produced neoplastic transformation of chimpanzee skin fibroblasts in vitro. The transformed fibroblasts showed morphological alteration and became permanent lines. The transformed cells contained both adenovirus 12 and SV40 large tumor antigens and were virus producers. At passage 9, 1 line (WES) was a nonproducer, producing neither infectious virus nor virus-specific antigen detectable by the complement fixation test. Virus particles were not detected nor could infectious hybrid virus be rescued from this line by cocultivation with Vero [African green monkey kidney] cells. The transformed cells formed large cell aggregates and grew in liquid growth medium above an agar base, formed colonies in soft agar and grew to high saturation densities; the normal chimpanzee skin fibroblasts did not. One transformed WES line produced tumors when transplanted s.c. into newborn nude mice, thus providing an important tool for studying tumor immunity in the chimpanzee.