Serious Acid-Base Disorders

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Abstract
MAINTENANCE of the pH of body fluids within a narrow normal range is accomplished by an elaborate system involving the action of body buffers, alterations in the rate and volume of ventilation, and adjustments in renal bicarbonate reabsorption and acid excretion. A large variety of diverse clinical derangements alter the acid–base composition of body fluids, and the resulting acid–base disturbances may impair the function of vital organs such as the heart and brain, particularly when the pH change is severe—i.e., values less than 7.1 or greater than 7.6. The emergency measures in management necessitated by acid–base disorders with serious potential . . .

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