Charge transfer and the effective Coulomb interaction at metal surfaces

Abstract
The change in electrostatic potential due to charge transfer on or off a crystal surface is estimated for a number of fcc, bcc, and hcp surfaces and the results are compared with the observed surface-to-bulk core-photoelectron binding-energy shifts. The effective Coulomb interaction associated with such charge transfer can be larger than the intra-atomic interaction term alone and hence larger than the bandwidth for typical transition metals. Some implications for chemisorption and layered structures are noted.