Intrinsic heavy-quark states

The postulate that ordinary hadrons contain intrinsic charm-quark states (such as $|uudc\overline{c}〉$ in the proton) at the 1% level is shown to explain two sets of unexpected experimental results: (1) the copious diffractive production of charmed hadrons at large longitudinal momentum in high-energy proton-nucleon and pion-nucleon collisions, and (2) the anomalously large number of same-sign dimuon events observed in deep-inelastic neutrino reactions. We also predict cross sections for open $b$ and $t$ production for high-energy hadron-hadron collisions.