Multiple comparisons in over‐the‐ounter drug clinical trials with both positive and placebo controls

Abstract
Evaluations of the efficacy of over‐the‐ounter drugs using ANOVA techniques often misuse multiple comparison procedures. Studies that involve both a placebo control and established drugs as positive controls are especially prone to these problems. The most common mistake involves using a procedure which does not control the experimentwise type I error rate, usually the Duncan procedure or some version of multiple t tests. These procedures control comparisonwise type I error rate, but lack the important experimentwise error control. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the issues involved in performing ANOVA followed by a multiple comparison procedure for over‐the‐ounter drug studies involving both placebo and positive controls.

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