Optimal Requirements for Adrenal Cortical Hormones as Observed in Adrenalectomized Animals

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Abstract
In the laboratory it has been consistently observed that the amts. of adrenal cortical extracts needed to maintain normal carbohydrate metabolism or resistance to stress are many times greater than are required to maintain life and normal levels of crystalloids in the blood when conditions for survival are optimal. Chemical isolation studies have shown that the amts. of the C11 oxygenated steroids in beef adrenal extracts are low. Since the presence of these compounds is required for the maintenance of normal carbohydrate metabolism and resistance to stress, this finding provides a partial explanation for the large amts. of extracts required to substitute completely for the functional activity of normal adrenal cortices.