Routine use of a second‐generation windowless detector for energy‐dispersive ultra‐light element X‐ray analysis

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Abstract
The second‐generation design of this removable‐window detector assures reliable routine operation, and minimizes operating limitations by providing protection against electrons, light photons and contamination molecules entering the detecting unit. The extensible design allows practical optimization of detector position.The inherent limitations of ultra‐low energy X‐ray analysis must be understood by the user. They include problems of peak identification and sample preparation, but can be dealt with by intelligent operation and data interpretation.Practical analytical results, both qualitative and quantitative, can be obtained. In particular, the software proven successful for dealing with ‘normal’ spectra can be adapted and used for ultra‐low energies.