Induced intravascular thromboembolic phenomena. Direct observation in the living extracorporeal eye

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Abstract
ADP induced platelet microemboli were observed directly under microscopic magnification in living blood vessels. In the concentrations used, sodium heparin, sodium warfarin and 6% clinical dextran were unable to inhibit this phenomenon. Such aggregates were noted as the earliest manifestations of intravascular clotting induced by recalcification of citrated blood, thrombin addition to citrated blood, sodium stearate addition to native blood, or in the spontaneous clotting of silicone-handled native normal human blood. The structure of intravascular clots occurring when thrombin evolves exhibit fibrin entrapment of erythro-cytes and degranulation of platelets. The venous many-tailed casts (erythrothrombosis) result from induced intravascular hemagglutination and have a core of aggregated erythrocytes. ADP induced intravascular platelet aggregates, even in heparinized or citrated blood, were associated frequently with anterior chamber hemorrhages or with retinal detachments secondary to hemorrhage.