Prevention of Ethanol-Induced Gastric Lesions in Rats by Natural Honey, and Its Possible Mechanism of Action

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Abstract
The effects and the mechanism of natural honey on absolute ethanol-induced gastric lesions were studied in rats. Drugs and/or honey were administered subcutaneously or orally to 48-h fasted animals at different time intervals before oral administration of ethanol (0.5 ml/100 g). Mucosal damage and pH were measured 1 h later. Honey afforded protection against gastric damage and reversed the changes in pH induced by ethanol. The effects of honey were dose- and time-dependent. Thus, pretreatment with honey (1.25 g/kg) 30 min before ethanol provided more than 80% protection. On the other hand, administration of honey simultaneously with or 5 min after ethanol failed to offer protection. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (IND) did not alter the protective effects when given before or after honey. The protective effects of honey could be reversed by treatment with the sulfhydryl (SH) blocker N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). Combined IND and NEM treatment caused greater reduction of the protective effects, but the values were not significantly different from those obtained with NEM alone. Thus, the gastroprotective effects of honey appeared to be mediated through SH-sensitive processes. Furthermore, the protective effects were supported by both macroscopic and microscopic findings. It is suggested that honey may be used clinically in preventing/reducing ethanol-induced gastric lesions in humans.