Magneto-optical studies of s,p–d exchange interactions in GaN:Mn with room-temperature ferromagnetism

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Abstract
Magnetic circular dichroism(MCD) spectra of a room-temperature ferromagneticGaN:Mnfilm show that the film contains Ga 1−x Mn x N in which the band s,p-electrons interact with the d-electrons of the manganese ions. Both the magnetic field dependence and the temperature dependence of the MCD intensity show that Ga 1−x Mn x N is a paramagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductor(DMS). The ferromagnetism of the sample arises from an unidentified material that is not detected by the x-ray diffraction. This ferromagnetic material does not show the MCD signal, indicating that its electronic structure is different from that of Ga 1−x Mn x N . These results show that magneto-optical spectroscopy is indispensable to confirm the intrinsic ferromagnetism of DMS.