Abstract
A review of some of the more important limitations and pitfalls in the interpretation of excretory urograms [human] is presented. Although there is no infallible method of avoiding interpretive errors it is suggested that the development of good viewing habits, including an orderly and systematic appraisal of each film, coupled with a physiologically oriented approach to film interpretation will reduce mistakes significantly. Similarly, many pitfalls may be circumvented by close collaboration between urologist and radiologist and by the reluctance of either to accept urography that is suboptimal by current standards.