Effects of chronic manganese (Mn3O4) exposure on selected reproductive parameters in rats

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Abstract
Long‐Evans rats were chronically exposed to dietary Mn 3 O 4 beginning on d 1 of gestation and continuing through 224 d of age. Dietary concentrations of Mn, as Mn 3 O 4 , were 350, 1050, and 3500 ppm and were applied in either a normal Fe 240 ppm) or a low‐Fe (20 ppm) basal diet. General toxic effects were apparent in young animals at a dietary dose of 3500 ppm Mn and were enhanced by concomitant Fe deficiency. Fertility was reduced in the group exposed to 3500 ppm Mn with a diet containing sufficient Fe. Male reproductive development was delayed by Mn treatment, as measured by testes weight, sperm count, and serum follicle‐stimulating hormone and testosterone concentrations.

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