Controlled p-doping of zinc phthalocyanine by coevaporation with tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane: A direct and inverse photoemission study
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- 10 December 2001
- journal article
- Published by AIP Publishing in Applied Physics Letters
- Vol. 79 (24) , 4040-4042
- https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1424067
Abstract
P-doping of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) with tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane ( F 4 -TCNQ ) is investigated with ultraviolet and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, inverse photoemissionspectroscopy, and in situ current–voltage (I–V) measurements. The electron affinity of F 4 -TCNQ (5.24 eV) is found to be equal, within experimental error, to the ionization energy of ZnPc (5.28 eV), consistent with efficient host-to-dopant electron transfer. As a result, the Fermi level in doped ZnPc drops from near midgap to 0.18 eV above the leading edge of the highest occupied molecular orbital and a narrow space-charge layer (<32 Å) is formed at the interface with the Au substrate. In situ I–V measurements show a seven orders of magnitude doping-induced increase in hole current.Keywords
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