Fate of developing larvae of Onchocerca lienalis and O.volvulus in micropore chambers implanted into laboratory hosts

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Abstract
Infective larvae of Onchocerca lienalis and O.volvulus implanted subcutaneously within micropore chambers into laboratory hosts moulted to the fourth stage (L4) and underwent limited development and growth. Similar recoveries of O. lienalis L4 larvae in the range of 33–66% were obtained from chambers implanted into CBA and BALB/c strains of mice, jirds, and the natural bovine host. A relatively constant proportion of larvae survived up to 24 days post implantation and thereafter recoveries declined, although some worms were still alive after 96 days. Recoveries of O. volvulus L4 larvae from chambers given to normal or T-cell deprived mice were equivalent to one another and to those obtained with O. lienalis. Moulting of O. lienalis in chambers was observed on days 3 and 5, in close accordance with the timing of the third moult in cattle following systemic infection. Moulting of O. volvulus occurred between days 3–6. Morphological changes in developing larvae included a small but significant increase in length, a transient increase in width, and early development of the spicular primordia and genital tube. L4 larvae of O. lienalis, but not those of O. volvulus, exhibited 3 distinct caudal papillae not present on infective larvae.