Thermal donor formation and the loss of oxygen from solution in silicon heated at 450 °C

Abstract
A calibration is established which allows the thermal donor (TD) concentration in heat-treated Czochralski (CZ) silicon to be determined taking account of the fact that TD centers are double donors. It is then shown that for CZ samples heated at 450 °C, 13 oxygen atoms are lost from solution during the time taken to produce one TD center. It appears that TD production is a minority process in relation to oxygen precipitation.