Cross-Resistance and Synergism in Azinphosmethyl Resistant and Susceptible Strains of Tufted Apple Bud Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to Various Insect Growth Regulators and Abamectin

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Abstract
Various strains of the tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis (Walker), were evaluated to test cross-resistance between the oregano phosphate insecticide azinphosmethyl versus several types of insect growth regulators (IGRs) and abamectin. Neonates were exposed to surface-treated diet for 14 d, then transferred to untreated diet to complete development. Mortality was assessed at 7 and 14 d, then again at adult eclosion. Mortality from oregano phosphate insecticides did not increase after 7 d, but the IGRs and abamectin caused additional mortality by 14 d. The IGRs caused additional mortality between 14 d and adult eclosion. Resistance ratios in the oregano phosphate resistant strains were 20-fold for azinphosmethyl and ranged from low (<5-fold) for hexaflumuron and fenoxycarb, to high (15-26-fold) for diflubenzuron. Resistance to malathion was also low and appeared to be negatively correlated with azinphosmethyl resistance. High levels of synergism (27-fold) were found with the est erase synergist S, S, S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF) to diflubenzuron in a resistant field population but synergism was only 2.2-fold to azinphosmethyl. Synergism with diethyl ester of malic acid (DEM) or piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was absent or very low.

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