Immunohistochemical differential distribution of S‐100α and S‐100β in the peripheral nervous system of the rat

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Abstract
The localization of the α subunit of the S‐100 protein (S‐100α) and β subunit (S‐100β) was studied in the peripheral nervous system of the rat. In peripheral nerves, S‐100α and S‐100β were found in the cytoplasm of Schwann cells. Axons were positively stained in part by S‐100α and almost totally by S‐100β. In the dorsal root ganglia, S‐100β was found in satellite cells and their processes and in some neurons. S‐100β was found in more of the large neurons, but almost all of the small neurons were negative for S‐100β. In the anterior horn cells, S‐100β staining was stronger than that of S‐100β. In Schwann cells, both S‐100β and S‐100β were present on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, and nucleus, as seen by electron microscopy. The S‐100α and S‐100β in axons were associated with microtubules and neurofilaments.