Grouping and identification ofTuberspecies using RAPD markers

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Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi of the genus Tuber are classified by morphological characters that allow differentiation of most species. However, some economically important species are difficult to differentiate on morphological grounds. When morphological traits are not sufficient to discriminate between taxa, other markers are needed. Genetic variation of fruit bodies of 12 Tuber taxa was studied by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. High interspecific variability was observed between most species. Moreover, important infraspecific variation occurred in all species, except Tuber brumale s.L, Tuber melanosporum, and Tuber magnatum. Southern hybridization patterns of RAPD products of the various species were used to confirm the data. Relationships among Tuber species were determined by cluster analyses. UPGMA analyses revealed several main clusters and a low genetic similarity between taxa. These results indicate that RAPD and polymerase chain reaction are useful for analysing genetic variation within Tuber species. Most species can be identified by differences in their amplified DNA profiles. However, the two pairs of closely related taxa Tuber aestivum – Tuber uncinatum and Tuber brumale var. brumale – Tuber brumale var. moschatum did not appear to differ genotypically. Key words: Tuber, RAPD, Southern, UPGMA, inter- and infra-specific variability.