Theoretical Studies of Solvent Effects on Nuclear Spin–Spin Coupling Constants. I. The Reaction Field Model

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Abstract
A theoretical study of the solvent dependence of nuclear spin–spin coupling constants is presented in terms of Onsager's reaction field model and self‐consistent perturbation theory in the semiempirical INDO (intermediate neglect of differential overlap) approximation of self‐consistent‐field molecular orbital theory. A possible mechanism for reaction field induced changes in coupling constants is discussed in terms of the sum over virtual orbital method, corresponding to the uncoupled Hartree–Fock approximation. Although the latter method does not give satisfactory values for coupling constants, the reaction field induced shifts are reasonable. Finite perturbation theory, which corresponds to the coupled Hartree–Fock approximation, gives much better coupling constant results. Calculated reaction field induced shifts for a variety of H–H and H–F coupling constants are compared with the experimental results in a variety of solvents. Although the calculated results are linear functions for very large values of the reaction field, best agreement with experiment is obtained in solvents of low dielectric constant. The importance of solute dipole orientation in a series of fluoroethylenes is investigated.