The Role of Autoimmunity in Hypoendocrine and Hyperendocrine Function

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Abstract
The organ-specific [human] autoimmune endocrinopathies may be primary disorders of the lymphoid system. Although proof is not complete, the basic genetic defect in each condition may be one of the immune surveillance, that is, a defect in suppressor T [thymus-derived] lymphocytes. Combinations of 1 or more of these conditions may be due to the concurrence of 2 or more specific defects in immune control, as well as the random appearance of the appropriate self-directed forbidden clones of lymphocytes. In this concept there is no need for antigenic alteration (only antigenic availability) to initiate these disorders. Cell-mediated and humoral immunity seem essential, with roles for immune complexes and killer cells. Antireceptor antibodies are of particular interest in Graves'' disease, where they are stimulatory. Other antireceptor antibodies have been found that are blocking antibodies, and others may merely bind without stimulating or blocking.