Morphology and genome analyses of interspecific hybrids of Elymus scabrus

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Abstract
Sexual, hexaploid (2n = 42) Elymus scabrus (R. Br.) A. Löve (formerly Agropyron scabrum (R. Br.) Beauv.) was used as the male parent for crossability studies and genome analysis of this Australian species. Mean number of paired chromosome arms (PA) and mean number of chromosome associations per metaphase I cell were determined for four different interspecific hybrids. Means by the female parent of each interspecific hybrid were as follows: tetraploid Elymus canadensis L., 1.17 PA and 32.76 I + 0.04 II (ring) + 1.08 II (rod) + 0.005 IV (chain) in 179 cells from four F1's; hexaploid Elymus tsukushiensis Honda, 14.13 PA and 23.48 I + 4.69 II (ring) + 4.13 II (rod) + 0.27 III + 0.01 IV (ring) + 0.01 IV (rod) in 140 cells from three F1's; tetraploid Elymus longearistatus (Boiss.) Tzvelev, 4.20 PA and 27.53 I + 0.39 II (ring) + 3.12 II (rod) + 0.15 III in 59 cells from one F1; and tetraploid Elymus semicostatus (Nees ex Steud.) A. Löve, 3.98 PA and 27.961 + 0.34 II (ring) + 2.86 II (rod) + 0.16 III + 0.04 IV (chain) in 50 cells from one F1. All F1's were completely sterile. An amphiploid of F1 E. tsukushiensis – E. scabrus was obtained by 0.1% colchicine treatment. It was partially sterile and had the expected chromosome number of 2n = ca. 84. The data were interpreted to indicate that E. scabrus lacks the S and H genomes of E. canadensis, contains the Y genome and a modification of another genome of E. tsukushiensis, and a modification of the Y genomes of E. longearistatus and E. semicostatus. These results contradict a previous report of an S and H genome composition for the Australasian wheatgrasses. Key words: apomixis, Elymus canadensis, Elymus longearistatus, Elymus semicostatus, Elymus tsukushiensis.

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