The biology and control of Coleophora spp. (Lepidoptera-Coleophoridae) on white clover

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Abstract
The overwintering larvae of Coleophora spissicornis Howarth and C. alcyonipennella Kollar are in diapause during 1 winter only, and pupate in the following spring. It is concluded that in general the larval progeny of the first-brood moths do most of the damage to seed crops. C. alcyonipennella, which is usually numerically dominant in the first brood flight period, is the more injurious of the 2 species. In a field test at equivalent dosages both DDT and toxaphene gave good immediate control of the moths present, DDT being slightly superior. In a replicated experiment 1 application of DDT gave a nearly complete kill of the moths present at the time of spraying and increased the seed-yield significantly. The residual effect of DDT is apparently of short duration. Further improvement in control, by sprays directed against the first-brood moths, will necessitate the application of more than 1 spray.