Structure-activity relationships of virginiae butanolide C, an inducer of virginiamycin production in Streptomyces virginiae.

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Abstract
Virginiae butanolide C, [2-(1''-hydroxyhexyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)butanolide (3)], is one of the inducers of virginiamycin production in Streptomyces virginiae. Various racemic analogues were synthesized, and their effectiveness in virginiamycin induction was studied. Among analogues having a series of C-2 side chains, those with 1''-hydroxyheptyl or 1''-hydroxyoctyl moiety were most effective with a minimum effective concentration of 0.8 ng/ml. At the same length of C-2 side chain, a 2,3-cis analogue was 10-fold more active than a 2,3-trans analogue, and the 2,3-trans analogue was 10-fold more active than an analogue having a 1''-ketoalkyl moiety at C-2 (A-factor type analogue). Methoxylation or deletion of either one of the two hydroxy groups in virginiae butanolide C analogues caused a 100 to 1,000-fold decrease in activity, thus indicating the importance of the two hydroxy groups in virginiamycin induction.