Differential Susceptibility of Maggots of Several Species to Droppings from Chickens Fed Insecticide-Treated Rations1

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Abstract
The susceptibility of larvae of Musca domestica L., Fannia pusio (Wiedemann), Chrysomya megacephala (F.), and Parasarcophaga argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy) to droppings from poultry given feed containing the following 22 insecticides was determined: American Cyanamid 12008 (O,O-diethyl S-(isopropylthio) methyl phosphorodithioate), American Cyanamid 18706 (O,O-dimethyl S-(N-ethylcarbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate), Bayer 22408 (O,O-diethyl O-naphthalimido phosphorothioate), Bayer 25141 (O,O-diethyl O-p-methylsulfinylphenyl phosphorothioate), Bayer 29493 (O,O-dimethyl O-[4-methylthio)-m-tolyl] phosphorothioate), butonate (95%) and related compounds (5%), DDVP, Delnav® (a mixture of 2,3-p-dioxanedithiol S,S-bis (O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate) (70%) and related compounds), Dibrom® (1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethyl dimethyl phosphate), dicapthon, dimethoate, Dowco 105 (O-4-tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl O-methyl ethylphosphoramidothioate), Dowco 109 (O-4-tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl O-methyl methylphosphoramidothioate), Isolan® (l-isopropyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate), Kepone® (decachlorooctahydro-l ,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one), Perthane® (a mixture of diethyl diphenyl dichloroethane (95%) and related reaction products (5%)), phosphamidon, Pyrolan® (3-methyl-l-phenyl-5-pyrazolyl dimethylcarbamate), ronnel, Ruelene® (O-4-tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl O-methyl methylphosphoramidate), Sevin® (l-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate), and Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis Berliner. The two muscid species were in most instances more tolerant of the insecticide-containing manure than either the sarcophagid or calliphorid. Several organic phosphate insecticides (American Cyanamid 12008, Bayer 22408, and dimethoate) were highly toxic to the larvae of all four species at levels in the feed ranging between 40 and 80 p.p.m. The carbamate insecticides included in the feed had no apparent effect on larval mortality while the two chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, Kepone and Perthane, exhibited but slight toxicity. The bacillus appeared to have limited usefulness for general fly control when administered in the feed to chickens.