Highly efficient grating-coupled surface-emitters with single outcoupling elements
- 1 December 1995
- journal article
- Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters
- Vol. 7 (12) , 1394-1396
- https://doi.org/10.1109/68.477260
Abstract
We demonstrate highly efficient grating coupled surface emitting lasers with single-grating outcouplers. An outcoupling efficiency of 94% into air was achieved using a nonresonant rectangular second-order grating in combination with a multilayer reflector below the waveguide. This resulted in an external differential quantum efficiency as high as 50%, comparable to that of conventional edge-emitting lasers, limited by absorptive loss in the passive grating sections. The lasers have separated oscillators and outcouplers, which facilitates the fabrication of surface emitters that possess beam-shaping capabilities through holographic wavefront conversion.Keywords
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