Tunable photonic band gaps in two-dimensional photonic crystals by temporal modulation based on the Pockels effect

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Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate the tuning of photonic band gaps in two-dimensional photonic crystals composed of rods by temporal modulation based on the Pockels effect. Refractive indices of rods can be changed periodically by applied alternating voltage under the influence of the Pockels effect, which causes new photonic band states other than original ones. Therefore, photonic band gaps can be closed by the new photonic band states, which may provide novel applications for tunable photonic crystals.