The distribution of quinacrine on chromosomes as determined by X-ray microanalysis

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Abstract
The distribution of quinacrine in relation to Q-banding on CHO chromosomes has been investigated using X-ray microanalysis. Technical problems involved in this type of experiment were studied in detail. It was necessary to use a solution of quinacrine acetate in acetic acid to ensure that the only chlorine detectable in quinacrine-stained chromosomes was in the quinacrine molecule. Electron irradiation during analysis rapidly destroys quinacrine fluorescence, but the chlorine is not lost from the chromosomes, and there are several reasons for supposing that a reliable distribution of quinacrine on the chromosome can be obtained by the method. — Small variations along the chromosome in the amounts of chlorine (representing quinacrine) and of phosphorus (mainly DNA) occur. The distribution patterns for chlorine and phosphorus show a good resemblance to each other for each homologous chromosome; quinacrine fluorescence patterns (Q-bands) do not resemble chlorine distribution patterns, however. The results of this study therefore support the view that Q-bands result from the differential quenching of fluorescence along chromosomes to which the quinacrine is essentially uniformly bound, and do not reflect differential binding of quinacrine along the chromosome.