Combination Therapy for Staghorn Calculi in Solitary Kidneys: Functional Results with Long-Term Followup

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Abstract
A total of 10 patients with staghorn calculi in a solitary kidney was managed with endourological sandwich therapy consisting of primary percutaneous debulking followed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) of residual inaccessible stones. Secondary percutaneous procedures, ESWL and chemical dissolution were used as necessary in a vigorous attempt to render each patient stone-free. As such, these 10 renal units underwent 21 percutaneous procedures through 13 tracts, 17 ESWL treatments and 3 courses of hemiacidrin. No patient required open operative intervention or dialytic support. With 4 to 57 months (mean 31.6) of followup, renal function for the group as a whole improved as evidenced by a decrease in mean serum creatinine levels from 3.1 mg./dl. before treatment to 2.2 mg./dl. at latest followup. More importantly, renal function has remained stable or improved in 9 of the 10 patients individually. We conclude that an aggressive, combined endourological approach to the management of staghorn calculi provides long-term preservation of function in the affected kidney.