Scanned-angle x-ray photoemission holography with atomic resolution

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Abstract
Two-dimensional photoemission Auger-electron diffraction patterns are shown to contain an interference pattern, which can be interpreted as a hologram to determine the three-dimensional atomic structure surrounding an atom of a particular chemical species. We demonstrate this principle by holographic reconstructions of the near-neighbor atomic structure of Cu(111) and Cu(100) surfaces from their respective diffraction patterns.