Carcinogenesis in rats by some hydroxylated acyclic nitrosamines

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Abstract
A comparison was made of the carcinogenic effectiveness of five hydroxylated nitrosodialkylamines given to female F344 rats in drinking water. Nitroso-2, 3-dihydroxypropyl-2-hydroxypropylamine was the most potent carcinogen among those examined, and induced almost exclusively tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Considerably less potent was nitrosobis-(2-hydroxypropyl)amine, which also induced mainly tumors of the esophagus, although several animals also had tumors of the nasal cavity. Nitrosodiethanoiamine was weaker again, and induced a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas. Nitroso-2-hydroxypropylethanolamine, which can be considered a hybrid of nitrosodiethanoiamine and the bis-hydroxypropyl compound, induced both esophageal tumors and hepatocellular carcinomas, together with some liver angiosarcomas; it appeared to He in potency between the two symmetrical compounds. In contrast, nitroso-2, 3-dihydroxypropylethanolamine was a very weak carcinogen, having little life-shortening effect; it induced hepatocellular carcinomas in only a small number of animals, together with some neoplastic nodules.