On the states of localized interacting systems

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Abstract
Compares the relative merits of three methods that can be used to find the low-energy states of localized systems in which the interaction between particles cannot be ignored. The algorithms are: (i) on which builds up the complete system by considering first the states of small subsystems and then combining the subsystems; (ii) a Monte Carlo process at low, but not zero, temperatures; (iii) a process similar to a zero-temperature Monte Carlo simulation. The authors find that the first algorithm works very well in principle, but the number of states that must be kept at every step of the build-up process is so large that it renders the method unfeasible for systems of reasonable size. The second method is the best of the three, but requires very extensive simulations for systems of reasonable size. The third method does not give a good set of low-lying states, but does give a good pseudo-ground state.

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