PARASITES RECOVERED FROM THE OVERWINTERING GENERATION OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE) IN PEST-MANAGEMENT APPLE ORCHARDS IN SOUTHERN ONTARIO

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Abstract
The braconid Pholetesor (= Apanteles) ornigis (Weed) was the major parasite of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.), at 21 sites, in 9 counties in southern Ontario. The eulophids Sympiesis sericeicornis (Nees) (12 sites, 6 counties), S. dolichogaster Ashmead (9 sites, 5 counties), S. marylandensis Girault (8 sites, 6 counties) and Pnigalio maculipes (Crawford) (6 sites, 5 counties) were the major chalcidoids recovered. Other species recovered were 10 eulophids, 2 pteromalids, and 2 ichneumonids. The major hyperparasite of P. ornigis was S. sericeicornis, but S. dolichogaster, Habrocytus sp., Catolaccus sp., Gelis sp., and Hypopteromalus sp. were also recovered.