Comparison of Different Methods: Static and Dynamic Headspace and Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Measurement of Interactions between Milk Proteins and Flavor Compounds with an Application to Emulsions

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Abstract
Interactions between 10 aroma compounds from different chemical classes and 5 mixtures of milk proteins have been studied using static or dynamic headspace gas chromatography and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Static headspace analysis allows the quantification of the release of only the most abundant compounds. Dynamic headspace analysis does not allow the discrimination of flavor release from the different protein mixtures, probably due to a displacement of headspace equilibrium. By SPME analysis and quantification by GC-MS (SIM mode) all of the volatiles were quantified. This method was optimized to better discriminate aroma release from the different milk protein mixtures and then from oil/water emulsions made with these proteins. The highest difference between the release in different proteins was observed for ethyl hexanoate, which has a great affinity for β-lactoglobulin. Ethyl hexanoate is thus less released from models and emulsions containing this protein. Keywords: Flavor compounds; milk proteins; interactions; headspace; solid-phase microextraction; emulsion