Three-dimensional imaging of atoms using source waves from deeply buried atoms and overcoming multiple-scattering effects

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Abstract
A method for image reconstruction is applied to the Cu(111) system. We show that effects of multiple scattering and diffraction of source waves emitted from deeply buried atoms produce strong artifacts making single-energy image reconstruction unreliable. Using the small-window energy-extension process, we overcome the above difficulties and obtain single-atom images with less than 1-Å spatial resolution.