Correlation between lattice damage and electrical activation of phosphorus-implanted silicon

Abstract
Quantitative comparision between the profiles of damage density before annealing and carrier concentration after annealing were examined for a wide range of phosphorus‐implantation dose (1013–1016 cm−2). Electrical‐activation mechanisms during low‐temperature (around 500 °C) annealing before epitaxial regrowth occurs were found to be different in the different damaged regions (very low, ∼20%, 20–75%, 75%∼damage density).