Leakage control with efficient use of transistor stacks in single threshold CMOS

Abstract
The state dependence of leakage can be exploited to obtain modest leakage savings in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. However, one can modify circuits considering state dependence and achieve larger savings. We identify a low-leakage state and insert leakage-control transistors only where needed. Leakage levels are on the order of 35% to 90% lower than those obtained by state dependence alone. Using a modified standard-cell-design flow, area overhead for combinational logic was found to be on the order of 18%. The proposed technique minimizes performance impact, does not require multiple-threshold voltages, and supports a standard-cell-design flow.

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