Characterization of crystal defects at leakage sites in charge-coupled devices

Abstract
Crystal defects have been identified at the sites of high leakage (spikes) in charge-coupled devices operated in the integration mode. Oxidation-induced stacking faults and dislocations were observed using x-ray topography and selective etching, and identified by transmission electron microscopy. Electrical measurements showed that the stacking faults had a range of activity which is attributed to variation in the level of impurity decoration of the defects.