Physical Vapor Deposition of Hexagonal and Tetragonal CuIn5Se8 Thin Films

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Abstract
Hexagonal and tetragonal CuIn5Se8 thin films have been successfully prepared by physical vapor deposition. A hexagonal CuIn5Se8 thin film was obtained via the reaction of (Cu+Se) and (In+Se) layers. This hexagonal film had a layered structure with a lattice spacing of approximately 16 Å, corresponding to fivefold close-packed stacking of Se. With an alternative deposition process using (CuInSe2) and (In2Se3) layers, a tetragonal CuIn5Se8 thin film was obtained. The tetragonal film had a columnar structure with a lattice spacing of 3.3 Å, corresponding to the cubic close-packed stacking of Se. As evident from examination of the Cu2Se–In2Se3 pseudo-binary system phase diagram, hexagonal CuIn5Se8 is a stable phase and tetragonal CuIn5Se8 is metastable. The growth mechanism of the hexagonal and tetragonal phase CuIn5Se8 thin films is discussed from a crystallographic point of view.