A Method for Studying Microbial Penetration through the Outer Structures of the Avian Egg

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Abstract
Penetration patterns of microorganisms through either the shell or shell membranes or both of avian eggs under natural conditions can be studied through periodic selective sampling of these structures following experimental shell contamination. A standard procedure involving carefully controlled egg selection, egg handling, and testing techniques is presented. Test organisms are deposited on selected spots on the surface of the shell of fresh eggs in sterile or natural chicken feces. After incubation under desired environmental conditions, the inner surface of the shell (Area I), the inner surface of the outer shell membrane (Area II), or the inner surface of the inner membrane (Area III) or all 3 can be examined for contaminating organisms. Slight air pressure is applied for separation of the membranes immediately prior to sampling. This method can establish the penetration patterns of organisms pathogenic for poultry and known to be transmitted by shell penetration.